Grace download binary option

Google. PWRTrade 모바일로 휴대 전화로 거래 시작 언제 어디서나 원하는 모바일 장치에서 바이너리 옵션을 자유롭게 교환 할 수 있습니다. 투자 기회를 놓치지 않고 투자에 최대 85 배의 보상을받을 수 있습니다. 금융 자산 100 개가 넘는 세계 시장에 대한 24 개국의 거래 기회를 지금보다 더 쉽게 누릴 수 있습니다 시장을 항상 손쉽게 지켜보십시오 - 모바일 PWRTrade 앱을 사용하면 필요할 때마다 글로벌 금융 시장에 액세스 할 수 있다는 자신감을 갖게됩니다. 우리는 금융 시장을 성공적으로 마스터하기 위해 가장 진보 된 바이너리 옵션 거래 플랫폼을 제공하는 세계의 바이너리 옵션 브로커 PWRTrade와 같은 선도적 인 중개인 만이 제공 할 수있는 보안 및 안도의 혜택을 누릴 수 있습니다. PWRTrade, 85. 100, 24 7 - PWRTrade,,. ,, PWRTrade. . Grace-5 1에 대한 자주 묻는 질문 22.Grace는 수치 데이터의 2 차원 플롯을 만드는 도구입니다. X11 및 M tif를 사용하는 UNIX의 모든 특징은 아니지만 다양하게 실행됩니다. 이 기능은 Sigmaplot과 같은 GUI 기반 프로그램과 거의 유사합니다 또는 Microcal Origin 및 gnuplot 또는 Genplot과 같은 스크립트 기반 도구 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스의 편리함과 정교한 계산을 수행하거나 자동화 된 작업을 수행 할 수있는 스크립팅 언어의 기능을 결합한 점이 바로 장점입니다. 그레이프는 파생됩니다 Paul Turner가 작성한 Xmgr aka ACE gr. 버전 번호 4 00부터 개발팀은 Evgeny Stambulchik의 조정하에 자원 봉사자 팀에 의해 진행되었습니다. 저작권이 GPL로 변경되면 이름이 Grace로 변경되었습니다. GRAphing, Advanced Computation 및 Exploration of data 또는 Grace Revamps를 의미합니다. ACE gr 사용할 수있는 Grace의 첫 번째 버전은 5 0 0이며, Xmgr의 최종 공용 버전은 버전 번호가 4 1입니다. 2.P aul은 여전히 ​​내부 용 Xmgr의 비공개 버전을 유지 관리하고 개발합니다. Grace 홈 페이지에서 Grace에 대한 최신 정보를 얻고 최신 버전을 다운로드 할 수 있습니다. 미러 사이트에서도 가져올 수 있습니다. 미러 사이트 목록 공식 그레이스 홈 페이지를 참조하십시오. 이 FAQ의 최신 버전, 최신 릴리스에 대한 링크 및 귀하에게 더 가까운 사이트 미러링을 찾을 수도 있습니다. 라이센스에서 중요한 차이점은 그레이스는 WYSIWYG 당신이 무엇을 보았는가 이것은 모든 중급 드로잉 루틴의 주요 재 작성과 조판을위한 장치 독립적 Type 1 글꼴 렌더링 라이브러리 T1lib의 사용을 통해 이루어졌습니다. Xmgr에서 Grace로 변경하는 데 도움이되는 섹션 사용자 안내서 안내서의 Xmgr에서 Grace로 마이그레이션 안내서 사용자 설명서 현재 Grace에는 아직 구현되지 않은 Xmgr의 몇 가지 기능이 Xmgr에없는 많은 새 기능과 함께 제공됩니다. Xmgr의 잘못된 기능을 제외하고 rable. Grace에서 아직 구현되지 않은 Xmgr 기능들. XY 그래프 플립. 수평선 및 수직선을 기호로 사용합니다. 스미스 플롯. 라이센스가 GPL로 변경되었을 때, Paul은 자신의 이름이 아닌 - Xmgr의 공개 버전이므로 새 이름을 선택했습니다. 예 그레이스는 GNU General Public License GPL과 관련하여 무료입니다. 자세한 내용은 Grace 또는 GNU 홈 페이지와 함께 제공되는 LICENSE 파일을 참조하십시오. Grace 소스에는 여전히 중요한 Paul Turner가 작성한 Xmgr의 코드 양 Grace에 기여한 사람들의 목록은 Grace 배포판의 CHANGES 파일을 참고하십시오. Grace의 일부 핵심 부분은 다른 패키지에서 빌려 왔습니다. 즉 독립 실행 형 라이브러리로도 사용할 수 있습니다. SGML로 작성되었습니다. SGML로 작성되었습니다. 위의 모든 버전은 sgml-tools를 사용하여 쉽게 만들 수 있습니다. 홈 페이지보기 그레이스 홈 페이지에서 질문 홈 페이지를 참조하십시오. 이 모든 버전을 사용할 수 있습니다. Gr 에이스는 그물에 사는 순수한 가상의 생물입니다. 즉, 인쇄 된 문학은 없습니다. 모든 관련 문서는 현재 Grace와 함께 번들로 제공됩니다. 자세한 내용은 홈 페이지 및 사용자 안내서를 참조하십시오. FAQ, 사용자 안내서 및 이 튜토리얼은 DVI 파일을 포스트 스크립트 출력으로 변환합니다. 예. Grace 배포본의 일부이며 일반적으로 GRACEHOME doc에 있습니다. SGML 소스와 HTML, LaTeX, DVI 및 PS의 여러 버전이 있습니다. HTML 버전을 읽을 수 있습니다 실행중인 Grace 세션에서 도움말 사용자 설명서를 클릭하여 HTML 버전을 읽으려면 웹 브라우저가 필요합니다. 참고 항목 환경 변수 Grace 홈페이지에서 항상 최신 버전을 다운로드 할 수 있습니다. 질문 홈 페이지를 참조하십시오. 사용자 안내서가 아직 완전하지 않습니다. 그래, 그래. 그래, 다양한 작업을 수행하는 방법에 대한 자세한 단계별 정보를 제공하는 몇 가지 자습서가 있습니다. 또한 그레이스 배포판의 일부입니다. GRACEHOME doc에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 자습서가 있습니다. 간단한 플로트 만들기, 일괄 처리 플로팅, 피팅 커브, 변형 그래픽 - 간단한 것들, 보간법, 피쳐 추출, 명령 줄 사용, 파이프 사용, 그래프 오버레이, 핫 링크 생성. 다음 옵션이 있습니다. 사용자 가이드가 있습니다. 질문 사용자 컴퓨터에 Grace와 함께 제공되는 안내서 일반적으로 GRACEHOME doc에 문제 해결에 도움이 될 수있는 다른 파일이 있습니다. 소스를 다운로드 한 경우 소스 트리의 주 디렉토리에 더 많은 파일이 있습니다. 그레이스 홈 페이지 질문 홈페이지를보십시오. 그레이스 포럼에서는 질문 포럼을 통해 그레이스 사용자 및 개발자와 쉽게 연락 할 수 있습니다. 그러나 여기 사람들이 여유 시간에 도움을 얻으려고한다는 것을 알고 있습니다. 언제나 빠른 답변을 기대할 수는 없습니다. 아니요, 게시판에 질문이 있습니다. Grace와 관련된 주제를 토론하는 것이 더 적절하다고 느낍니다. 이전에는 몇 가지가 있었지만 이제는 게시판 스타일 포럼은 질문 포럼을 참조하십시오. 메일 링리스트 아카이브는 여전히 탐색 할 수 있습니다. 예. 링크 포럼을 따라 가세요. 자체 FAQ가 있습니다. 발견 한 내용이 버그인지 확인하십시오. 그레이스의 버그, 그리고 그 결함이 다른 소프트웨어에 의해 야기 된 것은 아니라는 것을 확인하십시오. 그레이스의 최신 공식 릴리스를 실행하십시오. 그레이스의 개발은 다소 빠르기 때문에 버그가 이미 수정되었을 수 있습니다. 버그는 이미 알려져 있습니다. 질문을 참조하십시오. 버그를 알았습니다. 새 버그를 발견했습니다. 알려진 버그를보고하십시오. 프로그램 충돌 단순한 재현성있는 케이스를 찾으십시오. Grace 버전과 사용중인 빌드 및 운영 체제가있는 위치 언급이 유틸리티가있는 경우 uname - a가 제공하는 시스템 정보를 제출해야합니다. 물론 xmgrace의 출력 - version 종종 문제는 일부 특정 데이터 세트와 관련이 있음 버그를 재생산하기에 충분하도록 최소한으로 줄이십시오. 몇 줄의 데이터 만 있으면 다른 세부 정보와 함께 제출하십시오. 버그 보고서를 제출하면 자동으로 메일 링리스트로 중계 버그가 고쳐지거나 더 많은 정보가 필요하면 보통 통보를받을 것입니다. 정확한 이메일 주소를 잊어 버리지 마십시오. 예. Grace의 알려진 버그 데이터베이스를 검색하고 찾아 볼 수 있습니다. 버그보고 기능 w3todo 또는 Grace 내 Help Help 메뉴 사용 데이터베이스는 버그 확인, 작업, 테스트, 고정, 종료 등의 상태를 추적합니다. 버그보고 및 희망 사항을 제출할 장소이기도합니다. 버그 및 수정 사항은 w3todo에는 나타나지 않지만 포럼에서 다루어 질 수 있습니다. 고정 된 용어는 버그가 현재 개발 버전에서 수정되고 다음 공개 버전이 수정 사항을 포함한다는 것을 의미합니다. 수정 사항이 기존 게시판에 통합 된 보고서 ic 버전이 Closed로 표시되어 있습니다. 매우 명확한 내용을 빠뜨려야합니다. 이 문서에서 버그 보고서를 올바르게 제출하는 방법을 확인하십시오. 보고서가 불완전하거나 기존 항목에 중복적일 수 있습니다. 버그 보고서의 로그 파일을 확인하는 것이 좋습니다. 보고서보기 페이지의 맨 아래에있는 로그보기 버튼. 당신은 버그 리포트를 제출하는 것과 같은 방법으로 소원과 제안을 제출할 수 있습니다. 질문을 봅니다. 알려진 버그 개선을위한 제안은 대개 환영합니다. 그러나 개발자들이 바쁘다는 것은 가능할 수 있습니다 또는 당신의 소원이 어떤 좋은 이유 때문에 거절 된 것이므로 더 설득하여 설득하는 것이 필요할 수도 있습니다. 좋아요 항상해야 할 일이 있습니다. 당신이 C 프로그래머라면, 할 수있는 일을 거의 확실하게 찾을 수 있습니다 포럼에 질문하십시오. 기술 작가 인 경우에도 동일하게 적용됩니다. 문서를 확실히 업데이트하거나 수정하거나 완료해야합니다. 모든 소액 기부를 부탁드립니다. 귀하의 frien에게 그레이스를 알려주십시오. ds 및 동료 그레이스 사용자가 많을수록 개선 속도가 빨라집니다. 가장 최근 버전과의 diff를 준비합니다. unified - u 또는 context - c diff 형식을 사용합니다. diff가 작동해야하는 버전을 정확하게 지정하십시오. 마지막으로 mailto weizmann dot at ac dot il에서. 만약 당신이 한 번 이상이 포럼에 가입해야한다면 도움이 될 것입니다. 필요는 없습니다. 그러나 기부를하고 싶다면 자선 단체를 선택하십시오. 돈을주고 싶습니다. 어쨌든, 당신은 소스를 직접 컴파일하거나, 미리 컴파일 된 바이너리를 다운로드 할 수 있습니다. 우리는 당신이 Grace 홈 페이지에서 모두 얻을 수 있습니다. 플랫폼에 맞는 바이너리를 사용할 수 있는지 여부를 알아보십시오. 질문 바이너리는 개발자 중 한 명은 각 플랫폼에 액세스 할 수 있으며 시간을 할애해야합니다. Grace의 패키지 다운로드와 함께 제공되는 README 파일을 읽는 것이 좋습니다. 실제로는 p 참조 된 설치 방법 소스 질문 설치 및 gzip ping을 실행 한 후 gzip - dc tar xvf - 와 같이 사용하면 컴파일 과정을 다루는 사용자 안내서의 관련 섹션에 따라 진행하십시오. 다음과 같은 몇 가지 이유가있을 수 있습니다 . 런타임 부분 만 설치하면됩니다. 특히 GNU Linux 사용자와 관련이 있습니다. 그러나 관련 개발 패키지 C 헤더 파일 등을 설치해야합니다. 또한 JPEG 라이브러리가 configure에 의해 인식되도록하려면 libjpeg62와 libjpeg62-devel 패키지가 설치되어 있어야합니다. 라이브러리와 헤더 파일은 서로 다른 버전에서 서로 일치하지 않습니다. 이것은 대개 유닉스 시스템에서 가능한 시스템 관리자보다 적습니다. 라이브러리 또는 헤더 파일은 컴파일러에서 찾을 수 있습니다. --with-extra-ldpath 및 --with-extra-incpath 옵션을 각각 별도의 경로를 제공하도록 구성합니다. 시스템에 Mif tif 질문이 설치되어 있는지 확인하십시오. 파일에는 this. configure 8900과 같은 줄이 있습니다. Motif 1002 호환 API가 있는지 확인합니다. 직접 입력 한 내용입니다. 힌트가 될 수도 있습니다. 이전 질문을 참조하십시오. 그레이스 문서를 통해 실제로 Motif를 참조합니다. 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 구축하기위한 기능 세트를 정의하는 API 다양한 위젯 버튼, 레이블 등을 통해 GUI 그레이스는 M tif API를 많이 사용합니다. 인터페이스의 여러 구현이 있습니다. 원래 OSF Motif는 최근에 오픈 - 소스 플랫폼에서는 일반적으로 FreeSource 또는 OpenSource 제품으로 인정되지 않지만 무료로 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 LessTif라고하는 Motif는 무료로 대체 할 수 있습니다. LessTif는 100 소스와 호환 될 수 있습니다. Motif를 대체하지만 아직 개발 중임 Grace의 목적을 위해 LessTif의 최신 버전을 최소 0 92 6 이상으로 사용해보십시오 LessTif 사람들은 보통 Grace 개발자로부터 많은 버그 보고서를받습니다. LessTif의 나머지 버그가 다소 빨리 수정되기를 바랍니다. ar은 libFoo와 같은 정적 라이브러리를 만드는 데 사용되는 라이브러리 아카이버입니다. 경로에 있어야합니다. Solaris에서는 예를 들어 usr ccs bin에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 바이너리 패키지를 공식적으로 지원하지 않습니다. 자원 봉사자가 기여할 때 contrib 영역에 넣으십시오. RPM을 설치하지 않아도 자동으로 무시되지만 관련 토론에 대한 Grace 포럼을 사용하여 자유롭게 느낄 수있는 버그 보고서는 지원되지 않습니다. 예, Grace가 VMS에서 실행됩니다. Win32 Windows 95 98 NT 2000 XP와 OS 2에는 네이티브 플랫폼이 아니지만 이들 플랫폼을위한 포트가 있습니다. 즉, 실행하기 위해서는 하나의 플랫폼에서 각각의 X 서버가 필요합니다. OS 2와 Win32 포트 모두가 부족할 수도 있습니다 아마도 직접적인 네이티브 프린팅을 지원할 것입니다. 아마도 Postscript 출력을 사용해야 할 것입니다. Alexander Mai가 만든 OS 2 로의 포트는 at. st002279 os2에서 찾을 수 있습니다. XFree86 라이브러리와 X 서버 (예 : XFree86)가 필요합니다. 호브 X11, 엑셀 eed 등등. 연계 단계에서 이와 같은 메시지가 나오거나 미해결 된 심볼을 말하면, - cc cc. c를 구성하는 대신 원시 cc 컴파일러로 컴파일을 시도하십시오. 특정 작업의 경우 Grace는 다음에 의해 제공되지 않는 외부 라이브러리가 필요합니다. Grace 나 운영체제이 라이브러리들을 직접 설치해야합니다. M tif, PDF 문서를보십시오. 출력 장치와 아마도 다른 라이브러리들입니다. 메시지가 정확히 나온다면 보통 라이브러리를 찾을 수 없습니다. 이것은 보통 GNU 리눅스 시스템에서 발생합니다. 설치되어있는 Xm 라이브러리가 질문을 참조하거나 링커가 어디 있는지 알 수 없습니다. 첫 번째 경우 LessTif를 다운로드 해보십시오. 두 번째 경우에는 플랫폼 특정 작업 일 수있는 위치를 링커에 알려줘야합니다. GNU 리눅스는 파일을 본다. 동적 라이브러리가 저장된 디렉토리의 경로 이름을 포함한다. 이 파일에 디렉토리를 루트로 추가하고 ldconfig - v를 실행한다. 이제 라이브러리가 목록에 있어야한다. 루트가 아닌 경우 t 환경 변수 LDLIBRARYPATH를 사용하여 필요한 경로 이름을 포함 시키십시오. 일부 Motif 버전의 경우, 라이브러리의 버전을 식별하고 컴퓨터의 라이브러리 어딘가에 저장되는 soname은 사용자의 사본이있는 컴퓨터의 라이브러리의 soname과 일치하지 않습니다 그레이스가 컴파일되었습니다. 그런 다음 세미 ​​정적 링크 된 버전을 사용하거나 컴퓨터에서 Grace를 컴파일해야합니다. 즉, Grace가 X 라이브러리에 잘못된 액세스를했음을 의미합니다. 이는 Grace의 잘못이 아닐 가능성이 큽니다. 아마도 아직 제대로 구현되지 않은 LessTif 함수가 질문을 봅니다. Mif가이 문제를 일으켰습니다. LessTif를 사용하는 경우, 최신 버전을 구하십시오. 질문이 있습니다. 이 오류가 계속되면 버그 질문으로보고하십시오. 버그 보고서. LessTif xmgrace - version에 링크 된 버전을 사용하고 있는지 여부를 확인하십시오. ldd xmgrace는이 목적에 유용한 명령어입니다. LessTif를 사용하고 있다면 자주 묻는 질문을 읽고 버그를보고하십시오. 버그 보고서 X11R6 배포본에서 XKeySymDB 파일을 가져옵니다. on 당신이 접근 할 수있는 곳에 XKEYSYMDB 환경 변수를 놓습니다. XKeysymDB를 놓을 곳에 환경 변수를 설정하십시오. 환경 변수 설정 방법에 대한 질문 환경 변수를보십시오. 이것은 Solaris 2 5 1에서 Sparc 및 Intel 하드웨어 모두 Motif 구현의 알려진 버그입니다 공급 업체에 패치를 요청하십시오. 컴파일 한 직후에 Grace를 설치하지 않고 실행하려고 시도했습니다. 다음 메시지가 표시됩니다. Grace는 GRACEHOME 환경 변수 또는 컴파일 된 기본 경로를 사용하여 글꼴 데이터베이스를 찾습니다. 변수가 아닌 경우 설정을하고 데이터베이스를 설치하지 않았다면 찾을 수 없습니다. 설치하기 전에 Grace를 테스트하려면 환경 변수를 파일 구성이있는 배포 디렉토리로 설정해야합니다. 이것이 다이제스트 스크립트가하는 것입니다 make check를 실행할 때 가장 쉬운 방법은 make install로 모든 것을 설치하는 것입니다. 환경 변수를 설정하는 방법에 대한 환경 변수를 참조하십시오. I f 미리 빌드 된 패키지를 설치 한 후에이 메시지가 나타나면 GRACEHOME 환경 변수를 설정하거나 설정하지 않은 플랫폼 독립적 인 부분을 다운로드하는 것을 잊어 버렸습니다. 위의 몇 줄을 참조하십시오. 이것은 Motif - 2 1 대부분의 공급 업체가 자신의 포트에서 패치를 수정했거나 패치를 준비했으나 일부는 예외였습니다. Intel 하드웨어 버전 6 용 GNU Linux 용 Red Hat에서 제공 한 Motif 라이브러리 Grace는이 버그에 대한 해결책을 제공합니다. X 리소스에 다음 줄을 추가하십시오. 그것은 A4 크기의 하드 카피와 정확하게 일치해야합니다. X 서버 설정을 점검하여 xdpyinfo를 실행하고 치수선이 눈금자로 숫자를 확인하십시오. OpenMotif 2를 사용하고 있습니까? 2 도움말을 참조하십시오. 여러 로케일 설정에서 잘못 행동 한 것으로 알려져 있습니다. C 쉘 변수 LANG을 안전한 값으로 설정하십시오. 예 : C 버그는 알려져 있고 수정 된 버그입니다. 1257 패치를 적용하기 위해 공급 업체에 버그가 있습니다. OpenMotif 2 2 및 일부 지역 e 설정 구제 방법은 이전 항목을 참조하십시오. 이것은 X Motif에서 유니 코드 글꼴을 선택했을 때 발생하며, 이유는 wchar 문자로 취급되므로 두 문자에 대해 하나의 사각형 문자가 표시되기 때문입니다. , run. FC4는 OpenMotif의 베타 버전을 사용합니다. 2 3 도움말보기 버그가 알려져 있고 수정 된 버그입니다. 1331 Fedora 사용자에게 패치 적용을 요청하십시오. 프로젝트는 Grace. A가 만든 플롯을 복원하는 데 필요한 모든 정보가 들어있는 파일입니다 매개 변수 파일에는 설정에 대한 정보가 들어 있습니다. Grace의 모든 일괄 처리 명령은 매개 변수 파일의 유효한 행입니다. 매개 변수 파일은 기본적으로 약간 다른 형식 즉, 선행 부호가없는 프로젝트 파일입니다. 데이터가있는 여러 종류의 파일을 읽을 수 있습니다 공백이나 탭으로 구분 된 열로 정렬됩니다. beginnig with beginnig는 무시됩니다. 블록 데이터 읽기는 값이 열로 구성된 파일을 읽는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 생성 할 집합의 유형을 대화식으로 선택할 수 있으며 열을 사용해야합니다. 자세한 내용은 User 's Guide 질문 User 's Guide를 참조하십시오. 엄밀히 말하자면 데이터 형식이 아닙니다. 관련 명령 줄 스위치를 사용하여 블록 데이터 파일을 읽고 데이터를 자동으로 할당 할 수 있습니다 열을 XY 유형 집합에 적용하여 블록 데이터의 첫 번째 열이 모든 집합에 대해 X로 사용되고 나머지 데이터 열이 Y에 할당되도록합니다. 자세한 내용은 사용자 안내서 질문 사용자 안내서를 참조하십시오. 율리우스 력은 율리우스 력과 혼동하지 말고 하나의 수로 시간을 표현하는 형식입니다 율리우스 력 0은 그리스도가 왜 나에게 묻지 않겠습니까? 순차적으로 번호가 매겨지며 매일 정오에 시작됩니다. 이 번호 매기기 구성표는 특히 천문학에서 널리 사용되며 Grace의 날짜를 내부적으로 표현하는 데 사용됩니다. 이 페이지에서는 몇 가지 추가 설명이 제공됩니다. GRACEHOME 보조 도구의 convcal 유틸리티는 Ju에 대한 모든 것 lian date conversion. 세 가지 방법으로 Grace를 호출 할 수 있습니다. 완전한 기능을 갖춘 GUI 기반 버전은 xmgrace입니다. 일괄 인쇄 버전은 gracebat라고 불립니다. Gracebat를 참조하십시오. 명령 행 인터페이스 모드는 grace라고합니다. GRACEHOME bin. gracebat는 gracebat라는 Grace 또는 gracebat에서 Grace 로의 심볼릭 링크입니다. Grace 바이너리가있는 곳이면 심볼릭 링크. ln - s xmgrace gracebat. done의 경우 트릭 재해 또는 로그 아웃을 수행하고 gracebat가 경로에 나타나는지 확인하기 위해 명령 행 매개 변수 나 데이터 파일없이 gracebat을 실행하면 기본 프린터에 하드 카피가 생성됩니다. init 파일, X 자원 및 환경 쉘 변수에 대한 몇 가지 방법이 있습니다. 사용자 GRACEHOME 그레이스 파일의 글꼴, 문서, 라이브러리가 저장되는 디렉토리를 지정합니다. 기본값은 usr 로컬 그레이스입니다. 환경 설정이 가능합니다. 모든 변수에 대한 설명은 사용자 안내서 질문 사용자 안내서를 참조하십시오. xmgrace를 사용하여 변수를 표시 할 수 있습니다 - help 또는 man 페이지 xmgrace 1을 확인하십시오. 그러나 항상 최신이 아닌 것은 아닙니다. 모든 X 응용 프로그램과 마찬가지로 - bg colorname - fg anothercolorname 명령 행 플래그를 사용하거나 관련 X 자원을 정의하십시오. 표준 세트 일반 x, y 집합이지만 오류 막대 또는 설명 문자열을 포함한 다른 요소가 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 사용자 안내서 질문 사용자 안내서를 참조하십시오. 두 개의 겹치는 그래프를 사용하십시오. 하나는 왼쪽 아래에 눈금, 다른 하나는 오른쪽에 top 따라서 원하는 효과를 얻을 수는 있지만 그래프가 현재 그래프 인 것에주의를 기울여야합니다. 그래프의 오른쪽 상단에 두 번째 눈금을 표시하는 방법이기도합니다. 극좌표에 대한 지원은 현재 구현되었으므로 극좌표가 곧 작동 할 것으로 기대할 수 있습니다. 폴라 r 좌표는 Plot Graph Appearance 메뉴에서 선택할 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 User 's Guide 질문 User Guide를 참조하십시오. 예, Grace에는 이러한 모든 기능이 있습니다. Grace에서 텍스트를 입력 할 수있는 곳이면 어디든지 (예 : Axis 레이블, 그래프 제목, Plot의 텍스트 - 그리기 객체 등 당신은 같은 텍스트 내에서 모든 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 사용자 가이드 질문 User 's Guide를 참조하십시오. 이 질문을 한 경우 아마도 X에서 수정 한 키맵 문제에 익숙 할 것입니다. xmodmap을 사용하여 키 맵핑을하면 키보드의 확장 문자를 텍스트 입력 필드에 입력 할 수 있습니다. 또한, 대부분의 서유럽 국가에서 사용되는 ISO Latin1 이외의 언어 글꼴 인코딩에 해당하는 경우, Grace에게 다음 질문을하십시오. 예 버전 5 0 1부터는 Times-Roman, Helvetica, Courier, Symbols 및 Zapf Dingbats가 포함 된 표준 14 개 글꼴 외에도 자신 만의 글꼴을 사용할 수 있으며 Grac e 및 현지화를위한 기본 글꼴의 대체로 사용할 수 있습니다. 대체 인코딩 스키마도 지정할 수 있습니다. 자세한 내용은 사용자 가이드 질문 User 's Guide를 참조하십시오. 기본적으로 숫자는 유효한 8 자리 숫자로 저장됩니다 자신의 정밀도를 설정하려면 init resource file에 command. DEFAULT SFORMAT formatstring을 사용하십시오. format string이 printf 3 형식으로되어있는 질문을 참고하십시오. 또한 프로젝트별로 정밀도를 설정할 수 있습니다. 프로젝트를 저장할 때 처음으로 File Save as를 사용하면 팝업에 관련 데이터 형식 필드가 표시됩니다. 시간 플롯의 경우 기본 정밀도가 충분하지 않을 수 있습니다. 이전 질문을 변경하는 방법을 참조하십시오. Xmgr-4에서 1 2 on, 각 프로젝트 파일은 저장된 버전 번호를 제공하는 문자열로 시작됩니다. 이 파일은 아무 문제가 없습니다. 처음에 버전 줄을 삽입하여 이전 파일을 수정할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 VERSION 40102는 버전 4를 나타냅니다. 1 2 If 와이 당신의 파일이 어떤 버전의 Xmgr로 만들어 졌는지 전혀 알지 못한다. 대부분의 경우, 40102는 그 트릭을 수행 할 것이다. 또한, 사용자 가이드 가이드의 Xmgr에서 Grace 로의 마이그레이션 섹션을 읽어야한다. Xmgr - 4 1 0, 바이너리 파일 형식 지원 이전의 기본 파일 형식은 삭제되었습니다. Grace 배포본과 함께 제공된 grconvert 유틸리티를 사용하여 파일을 변환해야합니다. 제공되는 gracerc 샘플 파일 에서처럼 입력 필터를 쉽게 정의 할 수 있습니다 파일의 시작 부분에 유효한 VERSION 버전 ID 행을 추가했는지 확인하십시오. 예. gzip을 입력 또는 출력 필터로 사용하여 디스크의 파일을 자동으로 압축합니다. 선을 추가하십시오. DEFINE IFILTER gzip - dc ■ PATTERN. DEFINE OFILTER gzip - s PATTERN. int 개인 유예 초기화 파일 그런 다음 gzip으로 끝나는 파일 이름을 입력 및 출력 필터로 지정할 때마다이 메커니즘을 사용하여 다른 작업을 수행 할 수 있습니다 (예 : rea 파일을 데이터베이스에 저장하고 저장할 수 있습니다. 아직 이미지는 가져올 수 없습니다. 인쇄용 PostScript, LaTeX 문서, PNM PBM PGM PPM, MIF 포함 그래픽에 포함 된 EPS 캡슐화 된 PostScript FrameMaker 및 SVG Scalable Vector Graphics는 기본적으로 구현됩니다. 추가적으로 일부 사용자 라이브러리가 설치되어있는 경우 User 's Guide 질문에 User 's Guide, JPEG, PNG 및 PDF 백엔드도 함께 제공됩니다. netpbm 및 pstoedit. Bitmaps를 사용하는 형식 PNP 장치를 사용하면 netpbm 유틸리티를 사용할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 TIFF, GIF, G3, BMP, PCX 변환을 적절한 필터 정의로 즉시 수행 할 수 있습니다. GIF 형식의 직접 지원 불가능한 것은 Unisys의 저작권 정책으로 인해 불가능합니다 - 기술적 인 문제가 아닙니다. 사실 이전 버전에서는 지원되었지만 법적 문제를 피하기 위해이 기능은 제거되었습니다. 하나는 pstoedit을 사용하여 PS를 다른 많은 벡터 포맷 MIF, CGM, xfig s, tgif s, Windoze 및 OS 2 메타 파일도 Java 애플릿을 포함합니다. 영역 작업은 그 자체로 의미가 없습니다. 영역은 변환이 수행되는 데이터 세트에 적용되는 제한 조건입니다. 지역의 데이터 포인트를 제거하고, 표현식 평가를 사용하고, 동일한 소스 및 대상 세트를 선택하고, 수식 필드를 공백으로두고, 제한 메뉴에서 해당 지역을 선택하고, 네거 티드를 선택하십시오. 입력 데이터 파일에 여러 날짜 시간 형식을 사용할 수 있습니다. 그러나 시간 필드에는 스페이스 구분 기호가 들어 있지 않습니다 (예 : 1999-12-31-23 59 59). 또한 외부 프로그램을 사용하여 데이터를 줄리안 날짜 형식으로 변환 할 수 있습니다 그레이스와 함께. 이것은 플롯 플롯 모양 팝업을 사용하여 수행 할 수 있습니다. 이것은 그래프의 배경뿐만 아니라 전체 캔버스의 배경을 변경합니다. GRACEHOME 템플릿에서 파일을 편집 할 수 있습니다. RGB 값과 th의 이름 at color triplet 색상 0과 흰색 1을 변경하는 것은 강력히 권장하지 않습니다. 명명 된 파이프는 하나의 응용 프로그램이 다른 응용 프로그램에서 읽는 데이터를 쓰는 의사 파일입니다. 측정 프로그램과 같은 응용 프로그램은 파이프에 데이터를 쓰고이를 만들 수 있습니다 파이프에서 읽는 Grace에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 따라서 Grace는 그래픽이 아닌 프로그램의 데이터 표시기 역할을 할 수 있습니다. 자세한 정보는 사용 설명서 안내서 또는 자습서 질문 자습서를 참조하십시오. 파이프 사용에 대한 하나의 예제가 make test 슬라이드. - pexec G0을 사용하여 Grace를 시작하거나 위의 명령으로 매개 변수 파일을로드합니다. LaTeX는 지시가없는 한 EPS 파일을 하드 클리핑하지 않습니다. includegraphics 패키지 그래픽 또는 includegraphics 클립 패키지 graphicx가 아닌 경우 사용 epsf 패키지를 사용하는 경우 epsfclipon 플래그를 포함해야하지만 epsf 패키지는 불완전하고 버그가 있으며 LaTeX 팀에서 유지 보수하지 않는 것이 일반적입니다. Grace가 bbox 크기가 아닌 페이지 크기로 배경을 채 웁니다. 플롯 플롯 모양 팝업에서 백그라운드 채우기를 비활성화 할 수 있습니다. 기본적으로 PS 드라이버는 레벨 2 기능을 사용하고 프린터 PostScript Level 2와 호환되지 않을 수 있습니다. PostScript 장치 설정에서 PS 레벨 1 전용 기능을 사용하도록 강제 할 수 있습니다. 출력이 예상대로 정확하지 않을 수 있습니다 (예 : 패턴 채우기가 없을 수 있음). 장치에 올바른 용지 크기를 선택하십시오 grails에서 생성 된 Postscript 파일의 크기를 조정하려면 psutils 명령에서 psresize 명령을 시도해 볼 수도 있습니다. 지역화 된 OS 버전을 사용하고 있습니다. LANG 또는 LCNUMERIC 쉘 변수가 설정되어 있기 때문에 Grace가 로켈 설정을 사용합니다. 숫자 레이블 생성 적어도 LCNUMERIC에서 C 또는 POSIX로 설정하여이 동작을 비활성화합니다. 로캘에 대한 Grace에만 해당하는 사항이 없음을 알 수 있습니다. 현지화 여부를 선택하십시오. 기본적으로 LANG은 Plot Axis props에서 대수 축 스케일링을 활성화 한 다음이 대화 상자의 Tick 레이블 탭으로 이동하여 Extra 프레임에서 Axis 변환 입력 필드를 찾고 거기에 10 log10 10 두 개의 따옴표를 입력하십시오. 일부 열이 너무 좁아서 모든 유효 자릿수를 표시 할 수 없다면 Shift 버튼 2.7을 사용하여 수직선을 드래그 할 수 있습니다. 33 매개 변수를 설정하기 위해 명령 행을 통해 - param을 사용하면 월드 스케일링이 자동으로 올바르게 설정되지 않습니다 - scales. The - param 플래그 및 해당 인수는 데이터 파일 이름 다음에 명령 줄에 배치해야합니다. 또는 autoscale을 - autoscale none과 함께 사용하지 않도록 설정합니다. 데이터를 읽지 않습니다. 새 만들기 - 모든 선택기 팝업에서 수식을 사용하십시오. menu. Template은 데이터 세트가 없지만 유효한 프로젝트 파일이 없다는 점에서 단지 비어 있습니다. 그래서 그냥 좋아하는 템플릿 s 파일 이름을 명령 행의 첫 번째 인수로 넣으십시오. 스크립트가 여러 개의 플롯을 작성하면 filename에서 new를 사용하십시오 초기화 새로운 프로젝트를 기본이 아닌 템플릿에서 가져옵니다. 그 중 일부는 프로젝트와 함께 저장됩니다. 나머지 대부분은 명령 행 옵션 및 / 또는 X 리소스를 통해 사용할 수 있습니다. 보다 균등 한 접근 방식이 차후 버전에서 구현 될 것입니다. 최대 최대 드로잉 경로 길이 또한 편집 기본 설정에서 그 라인의 연결에 의해 그려진 그 엄청난 수의 포인트가 필요한지 고려하십시오. 이것은 MINPACK의 LMDIF에 기반한 Levenberg-Marquardt 알고리즘입니다. 일부 GUI가 있습니다. 대부분 GUI의 거의 모든 마우스 클릭은 배치 언어 자세한 내용은 User 's Guide 질문 사용자 안내서를 참조하십시오. 현재 전혀 그렇지 않습니다. 다음 릴리스에서 구현 될 것입니다. 예제 - 다음 명령으로 배치 파일을 만듭니다. 이것은 원래 곡선이 s0으로 설정되어 있다고 가정합니다. 당신은 100 번의 반복을하고 싶습니다. 비공식적으로 어떤 플롯도 생성하지 않습니다. 이 시점에서만 적합합니다. 맞는 값 A0, A1, A2를 사용할 수 있습니다. 초기 값으로 다른 적합을 사용하거나, 그냥 에코합니다. stdo로 ut와 ECHO A0.No, 하지만 당신은 set type이 적절하게 정의 되었다면 이것과 같은 것을 할 수 있습니다. 아직 아닙니다. 그런 함수를 가지는 것이 좋을지라도 구현하기가 아주 어렵습니다. 어떤 행동을 취하고 자주 TM과 초기 TM을 저장하는 것을 잊지 마십시오. 아니요, 저는 환자를 기다려야합니다. 구현하는 데는 상당한 시간이 걸릴 수 있습니다. 앞으로 소개 될 예정인 많은 기능 중에는 스프레드 시트와 유사한 프론트 엔드 등고선 플롯, 다단계 실행 취소 다시 실행, 이미지 가져 오기 및 조작, 양방향 통신을위한 라이브러리 그러면 3D 플롯이 올 것입니다. 아마도 개선 할 아이디어가 있다면 w3todo 웹 페이지에 원하는대로 게시하십시오. see question Known Bugs. You are not required to, but you if wish, refer to the home page link see Grace home page. Quantum Binary Profits. Looks like another binary options review is needed as Richard Grace has released Quantum Binary Profits. This is a 27 binary options indicator that looks to work on the meta trader 4 trading station This is a very basic trading strategy, this is why the prices so low and it is being sold on the click bank payment processor. Quantum Binary Profits Details. Let me explain how this software works in a little more detail. As I look at the chart, I can see that the system will place green or red dots at the entry points If it is a red dot it is a sell and if it is a green dot it is a buy The system also informs you of the time frame in which you need to set the expiry Let me show you some examples Richard provides. In this image we can see the time frames at the top. Here you can see some example trades provided by the indicator. As for the strategy the Quantum Binary Profits indicator uses to provide the signals, this is not revealed in much detail Or really any detail at all, basically Richard just tells us that the software will analyze the market and determine the conditions to find profitable trades Of course I would love to know what these conditions are and I would hope they would at least give me an inkling but you can t always get what you want. Quantum Binary Profits Conclusion. With everything diagnose, I cannot give the Quantum Binary Profits the Forex robot nation seal of approval I will obviously revisit with this review and hopefully discuss this product as more interest generates Find out more about what binary options system is best in the Binary Options Lab. If you have anything you would like to add or believe I ve missed something please leave a comment below I appreciate your user reviews for all the binary options systems. Today, we re proud to announce the release of our next flagship version SuperX 3 0, codenamed Grace This version is named in honor of the great computer scientist Grace Hopper The word Grace in English language also means. smoothness and elegance of movement. which highlights our vision for a smooth and elegant operating system That vision will be realised in every aspect of Grace Grace is no w available for download from our website, in both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures. Focus on design. We ve tried to make Grace a beautiful OS Grace features a beautiful startup splash that changes its background to whatever the user s wallpaper is, giving SuperX a really smooth transition from the splash screen to the desktop It features a flat design theme for the desktop shell, with bright, contrasting colors In Grace, we ve simplified the desktop shell removing controls which are confusing to everyday users. Beautiful Splash Screen. SuperX 3 0 Grace desktop. Flat theme with bright contrasting colors. To meet our design standards, we are using Roboto as the default font, while Source Sans Pro Oxygen Noto and Droid are complimentary fonts, used in the system. Beautiful Roboto fonts enhances the aesthetics of Grace. Optimized for desktop computing. Grace gives more priority to application responsiveness you will feel it right from the start a fast, smooth, responsive system Grace, by default, c ompresses unused memory pages within RAM rather than swapping out to the swap partition, making it responsive even when the system memory is lowmonly used applications are preloaded and cached in memory for faster startup of your favorite applications. Meeting the enterprise needs. SuperX 3 0 Grace will be available in two variants. Freemium variant which is available from today for anyone to download and use. Professional variant for business and enterprise, which we will be announcing shortly This variant will have enhanced support for Microsoft Windows applications, along with advanced management tools, bundled with support and training from Libresoft. Highlights of software components, in SuperX 3 0.Linux kernel 3 13.KDE 4 13 3 along with many KDE applications, that we use and love. Apt-fast, for faster apt-get. Mozilla Firefox default browser. Mozilla Thunderbird, default email client. LibreOffice Writer, Calc, Impress, Base and Draw. VLC Media Player. OpenShot Video Editor. USB Modem Manager , for managing USB dongles. IBus keyboard input method , along with Indian language input support. Indic Keyboard, on-screen keyboard with both English and Indian language input support. These are only highlights and not a detailed listing of all the applications. Telegram, an alternative to WhatsApp comes pre-installed with SuperX 3 0.We have integrated the best tools available for usage in SuperX Although we prioritize KDE and Qt applications more than GTK ones but we do not compromise on quality Grace includes many apps and system tools made by other distributions, written in GTK, and we have worked to integrate them with rest of the SuperX and KDE. Software Sources editor a GTK app , integrated with Muon package manager a KDE app. Further, we have integrated network proxy settings system-wide Now, if you set network proxy settings in Control Panel those proxy settings are used across the system, including command-line applications, even under sudo This will save a lot of hassle and time for sure. Help and Support. Support for the freemium edition is available via SuperX Community at our forum and our Facebook group Users are also welcomed to contribute content to our wiki. SuperX 3 0 will be supported by regular software updates and bug fixes, until April 2019.Room for improvement. Like any piece of software, SuperX 3 0 Grace is not perfect It has flaws, and we d like to iron them out as we move forward So we are going to have lots of Milestone releases , which are equivalent to service packs The version number after the decimal point will be incremented with every Milestone release We re currently working on bringing better icons to SuperX and making the sound system even better, you may see them rolling in with the Milestone releases Any user using SuperX 3 0, can upgrade to Milestone releases without any extra effort All you need to do is update your system using the Software Updater. System Requirements. x86 Processor Minimum 1GHz dual core recommended 64-bit version re quires a 64-bit compatible CPU most modern CPUs 64-bit compatible. RAM 1GB 2GB recommended.25GB of disk space recommended. An active Internet connection is recommended for regular software updates. We ve worked really hard to make Grace what it is now, and we are committed to continue to do so in the future as well There might be mistakes, bugs or minor glitches Please report them and we ll try to fix them. Special thanks goes out to all our contributors, who worked on for many days to make this possible And to all the artists whose artwork is included in SuperX you guys are really wonderful Thank you all. About the Author. Good job you guys Is a lot of effort required to jump on kde 5 Cant wait for your KDE5 release the framework has been around for a while now Also I am not sure if you guys are still using the ubuntu base If yes then please look at KaOS Linux its relatively fast i think being arch-derivative makes it faster ALso FAQ needs to be updated cant see your development model there. We re waiting for Plasma 5 KDE 5 to be stable, and mature a bit Plasma 5 gives us more possibilities that we can use it to make the next great thing Just wait for it. It would be nice if your could include a torrent file in the download options Wishing your team all the very best in developing a wonderful OS. Grace User s Guide for Grace-5 1 22.Grace is a WYSIWYG tool to make two-dimensional plots of numerical data It runs under various if not all flavors of Unix with X11 and M tif LessTif or Motif It also runs under VMS, OS 2, and Windows 95 98 NT 2000 XP Its capabilities are roughly similar to GUI-based programs like Sigmaplot or Microcal Origin plus script-based tools like Gnuplot or Genplot Its strength lies in the fact that it combines the convenience of a graphical user interface with the power of a scripting language which enables it to do sophisticated calculations or perform automated tasks. Grace is derived from Xmgr a k a ACE gr , originally written by Paul Turner. From version number 4 00, the development was taken over by a team of volunteers under the coordination of Evgeny Stambulchik You can get the newest information about Grace and download the latest version at the Grace home page. When its copyright was changed to GPL, the name was changed to Grace, which stands for GRaphing, Advanced Computation and Exploration of data or Grace Revamps ACE gr The first version of Grace available is named 5 0 0, while the last public version of Xmgr has the version number 4 1 2.Paul still maintains and develops a non-public version of Xmgr for internal use. For certain libraries required to build Grace which are therefore even included in a suitable version there may be different Copyright License statements Though their License may by chance match the one used for Grace, the Grace Copyright holders can not influence or change them. Requirements Grace usually compiles out of the box in a regular Unix-like environment You need an ANSI C compiler gcc is just fine , the X 11R5 or above libraries and headers, and an implementaion of the M tif API, version 1 2 or above If you want to compile your own changes to certain parts of Grace, you will need a parser generator yacc or, better, bison. Extra libraries Some features will be available only if additional libraries are installed Those are. The JPEG backend needs the IJG s JPEG library , version 6 x. The PNG backend needs the libpng library version 0 96 or above. The PDF driver requires the PDFlib library of Thomas Merz to be installed, which is available here version 4 0 3 or above. If your computer has the FFTW library installed when Grace is compiled, Grace will link itself to this, and drop all conventional FFT s and DFT s All transforms will be routed through this package Note that there is then no difference between pushing the FFT button and the DFT button, except that FFT will complain if the length isn t a power of 2, and DFT will not For more information on this package, see the FFTW Home page In sho rt, this package allows one to do non-power-of-2 length FFT s along with the normal ones It seems to work very efficiently for any set length which factors into 2 a 3 b 5 c 7 d for integer a, b, c, d The great feature here is that set lengths which are powers of 10 e g 1000, 10000 and integer multiples of these 500, 2000, 2500, 5000, etc can be computed with no significant penalty maybe 20 over power-of-2 transforms Very often, real datasets come in these sizes, and not in powers of 2.In order to read write sets in the NetCDF data format, you will also need the NetCDF libraries. Decide whether you want to compile in a separate place thus leaving the source tree pristine You most probably would want it if compiling Grace for more than one OS and keeping the sources in a central shared e g via NFS location If you don t need it, skip the rest of this paragraph and go right to the next step Otherwise, assuming the sources are in usr local src grace-x y z and the compilation will be performe d in tmp grace-obj do the following. The configure shell script attempts to guess correct values for various system-dependent variables used during compilation It uses those values to create in the top directory of the package It also create config h file containing system-dependent definitions Finally, it creates a shell script that you can run in the future to recreate the current configuration, a file that saves the results of its tests to speed up reconfiguring, and a file containing compiler output useful mainly for debugging configure If at some point contains results you don t want to keep, you may remove or edit it. Run configure --help to get list of additional switches specific to Grace. Run configure options Just an example would use usr local include and opt include in addition to the default include path and usr local lib and opt lib in addition to the default ld path As well, all stuff would be put under the opt grace directory and soft links made to usr bin usr lib and usr include. Note If you change one of the --with-extra-incpath or --with-extra-ldpath options from one run of configure to another, remember to delete the file. If something goes wrong, try to see if the problem has been described already in the Grace FAQ in the doc directory. This will give you a slide show demonstrating some nice features of Grace. The later optional step will make soft links from some files under the Grace home directory to the system-wide default locations can be changed by the --prefix option during the configuration, see above. Getting pre-built packages. Running tests. Not written yet. For a jump-in start, you can browse the demos Help Examples menu tree These are ordinary Grace projects, so you can play with them and modify them Also, read the Tutorial. O k Here s a VERY quick introduction. Start the GUI version xmgrace return. Select check the output medium and canvas size in File Device Setup. If needed, set the graph size Viewport in Plot Graph Appearance. Load your data wi th Data Import ASCII Load as Single set for two-column ASCII data, Block data for multi-column ASCII data. Adjust the scales, axis labels and tick marks in Plot Axis properties Acknowledge all changes with Apply. Adjust lines, symbols, legends in Plot Set appearance. Adjust titles, plot frame and legend display in Plot Graph Appearance. Data can be manipulated in Data Transformations To shift a data set by 20 to the left, e g in Evaluate Expression select the same set on the left and the right, and say Formula y y-20 As you ll probably notice, Grace can do MUCH more than that Explore at your leisure. When you like your plot, select File Print That s it. Project files. A project file contains all information necessary to restore a plot created by Grace, as well as some of preferences Each plot is represented on a single page, but may have an unlimited number of create a project file of your current graph with File Save, Save as. Parameter files. A parameter file contains the detailed settings of your project It can be used to transfer these settings to a different plot project You generate a parameter file with File Save menu entry selected from the Plot Graph appearance popup You can load the settings contained in a parameter file with File Open. Input file formats. Grace understands several input files formats The most basic one is ASCII text files containing space and comma separated columns of data The data fields can be either numeric Fortran d and D exponent markers are also supported or alphanumeric with or without quotes Several calendar date formats are recognized automatically and you can specify your own reference for numeric date formats Lines beginnig with are ignored Blank lines indicate new dataset Grace also has a command language see command interpreter , you can include commands in data files using lines having as their first non-blank character, though this is not recommended Depending on configuration, Grace can also read NetCDF files see configuration. A grap h consists of every element is optional a graph frame, axes, a title and a subtitle, a number of sets and additional annotative objects time stamp string, text strings, lines, boxes and ellipses. The graph type can be any of. Polar Graph. Fixed Graph. The idea of XY Chart is to plot bars or symbols in general of several sets side by side, assuming the abscissas of all the sets are the same or subsets of the longest set. A dataset is a collection of points with x and y coordinates, up to four optional data values which, depending on the set type, can be displayed as error bars or like and one optional character string. A set is a way of representing datasets It consists of a pointer to a dataset plus a collection of parameters describing the visual appearance of the data like color, line dash pattern etc. The set type can be any of the following. Graph Set type connection. Regions are sections of the graph defined by the interior or exterior of a polygon, or a half plane defined by a line Region s are used to restrict data transformations to a geometric area occupied by region. Real Time Input. Real Time Input refers to the ability Grace has to be fed in real time by an external program The Grace process spawned by the driver program is a full featured Grace process the user can interact using the GUI at the same time the program sends data and commands The process will adapt itself to the incoming data rate. Hotlinks are sources containing varying data Grace can be instructed a file or a pipe is a hotlink in which case it will provide specific commands to refresh the data on a mouse click a later version will probably allow automatic refresh. Grace allows the user to choose between several output devices to produce its graphics The current list of supported devices is. PostScript level 1 and level 2.EPS encapsulated PostScript. Metafile which is Grace format, used at the moment mostly for debugging purposes. MIF Maker Interchange Format used by FrameMaker. SVG Scalable Vector Graphic s, a language for describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector raster graphics in XML. PDF depends on extra libraries, see configuration. PNM portable anymap file format. JPEG depends on extra libraries, see configuration. PNG depends on extra libraries, see configuration. Note that Grace no longer supports GIF due to the copyright policy of Unisys Grace can also be instructed to launch conversion programs automatically based on file name As an example you can produce MIF FrameMaker Interchange Format or Java applets using pstoedit, or almost any image format using the netpbm suite see the FAQ. In many cases, when Grace needs to access a file given with a relative pathname it searches for the file along the following path. Dynamic modules. Grace can access external functions present in either system or third-party shared libraries or modules specially compiled for use with it The term dynamic refers to the possibility Grace has to open the library at run time to find the code of the exte rnal function, there is no need to recompile Grace itself the functions already compiled in Grace are statically linked. Coordinate frames. There are two types of coordinates in Grace the world coordinates and the viewport coordinates Points of data sets are defined in the world coordinates The viewport coordinates correspond to the image of the plot drawn on the canvas or printed on, say, PS output page The transformation converting the world coordinates into the viewport ones is determined by both the graph type and the axis scaling. Actually, there is yet another level in the hierarchy of coordinates - the device coordinates However, you as a user of Grace should not worry about the latter The mapping between the viewport coordinates and the device coordinates is always set in such a way that the origin of the viewport corresponds to the left bottom corner of the device page, the smallest of the device dimensions corresponds to one unit in the viewport coordinates Oh, and the most impo rtant thing about the viewport - device transformation is that it is homotetic, i e a square is guaranteed to remain a square, not a rectangle, a circle remains a circle not an ellipse etc. Operational mode. With respect to the user interface, there are three modes of operation that Grace can be invoked in The full-featured GUI-based version is called xmgrace A batch-printing version is called gracebat A command-line interface mode is called grace Usually, a single executable is called in all cases, with two of the three files being symbolic links to a real onemand line options. Override any parameter file settings. Turn off all toolbars. Execute batchfile on start up i e after all other options have been processed and the UI initialized. Assume data file is block data. Form a set from the current block data set using the current set type from columns given in the argument. Set the hint for dates analysis. Read data from descriptor anonymous pipe on startup. Set canvas size fixed to width height. Use free page layout. Set the current graph number. Set the type of the current graph. No interactive session, just print and quit. Set default hardcopy device. Install private colormap. Turn the graph legend on. Set the axis scaling of the current graph to logarithmic. Set the maximal drawing path length. Run Grace in monochrome mode affects the display only. Assume data file is in netCDF format This option is present only if the netCDF support was compiled in. If - netcdf was used previously, read from the netCDF file Xvar Yvar variables and create a set If Xvar name is null then load the index of Y to X This option is present only if the netCDF support was compiled in. Assume the answer is yes to all requests - if the operation would overwrite a file, Grace will do so without prompting. Don t use private colormap. In batch mode, do not print. Disable safe mode. Don t catch signals. Read data from named pipe on startup. Assume data file is in X Y1 Y2 Y3 format. Load parameters from parameterfile to the current graph. Interpret string as a parameter setting. Read data from stdin on startup. file Save print output to file. Remove data file after read. Write results of some data manipulations to resultsfile. Exchange the color indices for black and white. Run in the safe mode default - no file system modifications are allowd through the batch language. Save all graphs to savefile. Integer seed for random number generator. Set the type of the next data file. Source type of next data file. Set allowed time slice for real time inputs to delay ms. Add timestamp to plot. Show the program version.-viewport xmin ymin xmax ymax. Set the viewport for the current graph. Set the working directory.-world xmin ymin xmax ymax. Set the world coordinates for the current graph. Environment variables. Set the location of Grace This will be where help files, auxiliary programs, and examples are located If you are unable to find the location of this directory, contact your system administrator. Print command If the variable is defined but is an empty string, Print to file will be selected as default. The editor used for manual editing of dataset values. The shell command to run an HTML viewer for on-line browsing of the help documents Must include at least one instance of s which will be replaced with the actual URL by Grace. GRACEFFTWWISDOMFILE and GRACEFFTWRAMWISDOM. These flags control behavior of the FFTW planner see FFTW tuning for detailed info. Upon start-up, Grace loads its init file, gracerc The file is searched for in the magic path see magic path once found, the rest of the path is ignored It s recommended that in the gracerc file, one doesn t use statements which are part of a project file - such defaults, if needed, should be set in the default template see default template. Default template. Whenever a new project is started, Grace loads the default template, The file is searched for in the magic path see magic path once found, the rest of the path is ignored It s recommended that in the default template, one doesn t use statements which are NOT part of a project file - such defaults, if needed, should be set in the gracerc see init file. X resources. The following Grace-specific X resource settings are supported. Use GXinvert rather than GXxor for rubber-band lines If the rubber-banding for zooms and lines, etc doesn t appear on the canvas, set this resource to yes. When Yes, allow double clicks on the canvas to bring up various popups depending on the location of the pointer when the double click occurs. Enables button toolbar. Enables status bar. Enables locator bar. It is also possible to customize menus by assigning key accelerators to any item. You ll need to derive the item s X resource name from the respective menu label, which is easily done following these rules. All non-alphanumeric characters are skipped. Start with lower case each new word if any continues from the capital letter. Add the item s type to the end - Menu for pulldown menus, Button for menu buttons. For example, in order to make Grace popup the Non-linear curve fitting by pressing Control F, you would add the following two lines. Ctrl F Ctrl Key f. to your file the file which is read when an X session starts it could be Xsession or some other file - ask your system administrator when in doubt. Similarly, it may be desirable to alter default filename patterns of file selection dialogs The recipe for the dialog s name is like for menu buttons outlined above, with Button being replaced with FSB E g to list all files in the Open project dialog File Open , set the following resource. This section describes interface controls - basic building blocks, used in many popups. File selection dialogs. Whenever the user is expected to provide a filename, either for reading in or writing some data, a file selection dialog is popped up In addition to the standard entries the directory and file lists and the filter entry , there is a pulldown menu for quick directory change to predefined locations the current working directory, user s home directory and the file system root Also, a Set as cwd button is there which allows to set any directory as you navigate through the directory tree as the current working directory cwd Once defined, it can be used in any other file selection dialog to switch to that directory quickly. List selectors. Various selectors are available in several popups They all display lists of objects graphs, sets and can be used to perform simple operations on these objects copying, deleting The operations are available from a popup menu that appears when pressing mouse button 3 on them Depending on the required functionality, they may allow multiple choices or not The following shortcuts are enabled if the result of an action would contradict the list s selection policy, this would be ignored. Ctrl a select all. Ctrl u unselect all. Ctrl i invert selection. Graph selector. The operations that can be performed on graphs through the graph selector s popup menu are. All this operations are not available in every instance of the selector For example in the read sets popup only one graph can be selected at a time, and the swap operation is disabled. Double-clicking on a list entry will switch the focus to that graph. Set selector. The operations that can be performed on sets through the set selector s popup menu are. bring to front. send to back. in spreadsheet see Spreadsheet data set editor. in text editor. in spreadsheet see Spreadsheet data set editor. in text editor. from block data. pack all sets. selector operations. view set comments. show data-less. show hidden. unselect all. invert selection. Double-clicking on a list entry will open the spreadsheet editor see Spreadsheet data set editor on the set data. Canvas hotkeys. When the pointer focus is on the canvas where the graph is drawn , there are some shortcuts to activate several actions They are. Ctrl Key A Autoscale the current graph. Ctrl Key D Delete an object. Ctrl Key L Move current graph legend. Ctrl Key M Move an object. Ctrl Key T Place timestamp. Ctrl Key U Refresh hotlinks. Ctrl Key V Set the viewport with mouse. Ctrl Key Z Zoom. Ctrl Alt Key L D raw a line. Ctrl Alt Key B Draw a box. Ctrl Alt Key E Draw an ellipse. Ctrl Alt Key T Write a text string. Clicks and double clicks. A single click inside a graph switches focus to that graph This is the default policy, but it can be changed from the Edit Preferences popup. Double clicking on parts of the canvas will invoke certain actions or raise some popups. on a focus marker move selected viewport corner. on an axis Plot Axis properties popup. on a set Plot Set appearance popup. on a legend Plot Graph appearance popup. on a sub title Plot Graph appearance popup. on an object box, line a popup for editing properties of that object. The double clicking actions can be enabled disabled from the Edit Preferences popup. Toolbar buttons. Along the left-hand side of the canvas if shown is the ToolBar It is armed with several buttons to provide quick and easy access to the more commonly used Grace functions. Draw This will redraw the canvas and sets Useful if Auto Redraw has been deselected in the Edit Pre ferences dialog or after executing commands directly from the Window Commands interpreter. Lens A zoom lens Click on the lens, then select the area of interest on the graph with the rubber band The region enclosed by the rubber band will fill the entire graph. AS AutoScale Autoscales the graph to contain all data points of all visible not hidden sets. Z z Zoom in out by 5 The zoom percentage can be set in the Edit Preferences dialog. Arrows Scroll active graph by 5 in the arrow s direction The scroll percentage can be set in the Edit Preferences dialog. AutoT AutoTick Axes This will find the optimum number of major and minor tick marks for both axes. AutoO Autoscale On set Click the AutoO button, then click on the graph near the set you wish to use for determining the autoscale boundaries of the graph. ZX, ZY Zoom along an axis These buttons work like the zoom lens above but are restricted to a single axis. AX, AY Autoscale one axis only. The following buttons deal with the graph stack and there is a good example under Help Examples General Intro World Stack. Pu Po Push and pop the current world settings to from the graph stack When popping, makes the new stack top current. PZ Push before Zooming Functions as the zoom lens, but first pushes the current world settings to the stack. Cy Cycles through the stack settings of the active graph Each graph may have up to twenty layers on the stack. The file menu contains all entries related to the input output features of Grace. Reset the state of Grace as if it had just started one empty graph ranging from 0 to 1 along both axes If some work has been done and not yet saved, a warning popup is displayed to allow canceling the operation. Open an existing project file A popup is displayed that allow to browse the file system. Save the current work in a project file, using the name that was used for the last open or save If no name has been set i e if the project has been created from scratch act as save as. Save the current work in a project fil e with a new name A popup allows to browse the file system and set the name, the format to use for saving data points the default value is 16 8g , and a textual description of the project A warning is displayed if a file with the same name already exists. Revert to saved. Abandon all modifications performed on the project since the last save A confirmation popup is fired to allow the user canceling the operation. Print setup. Set the properties of the printing device Each device has its own set of specific options see Device-specific settings According to the device, the output can be sent either directly to a printer or directed to a file The global settings available for all devices are the sizing parameters The size of the graph is fixed Changing the Page settings changes the size of the canvas underneath the graph Switching between portrait and landscape rotates the canvas Make sure the canvas size is large enough to hold your graph Otherwise you get a Printout truncated warning If you r canvas size cannot easily be changed because, for example, you want to print on letter size paper, you need to adjust the size of your graph Viewport in Plot Graph Appearance. Print the project using the current printer settings. Exit from Grace If some work has been done and not saved, a warning popup will be displayed to allow the user to cancel the operation. Using the data set popup, you can view the properties of datasets This include its type, length, associated comment and some statistics min, max, mean, standard deviation A horizontal scrollbar at the bottom allows to get the two last properties, they are not displayed by default Also note that if you find some columns are too narrow to show all significant digits, you can drag the vertical rules using Shift Button 2.Using the menu on the top of this dialog, you can manipulate existing sets or add new ones Among the most important entries in the menu, are options to create or modify a set using the spreadsheet data set editor se e Spreadsheet data set editor. Spreadsheet data set editor. The dialog presents an editable matrix of numbers, corresponding to the data set being edited The set type and hence, the number of data columns can be changed using the Type selector Clicking on a column label pops up a dialog allowing to adjust the column formatting Clicking on the row labels toggles the respective row state selected unselected The selected rows can be deleted via the dialog s Edit menu Another entry in this menu lets you add a row the place of the new row is determined by the row containing a cell with the keyboard focus on As well, just typing in an empty cell will add one or several rows filling the intermediate rows with zeros. To resize columns, drag the vertical rules using Shift Button 2.Set operations. The set operations popup allows you to interact with sets as a whole If you want to operate on the data ordering of the sets, you should use the data set operations popup from the Data menu The popup allow s you to select a source one set within one graph and a destination and perform some action upon them copy, move, swap This popup also give you a quick access to several graph and set selectors if you want to perform some other operation like hiding a graph or creating a new set from block data. Arrange graphs. This entry fires up a popup to lay out several graphs in a regular grid given by M rows and N columns. The graph selector at the top allows one to select a number of graphs the arrangement will operate on If the number of selected graphs isn t equal to M times N new graphs may be created or extra graphs killed if needed These options are controlled by the respective checkboxes below the graph selector. The order in which the matrix is filled in with the graphs can be selected first horizontally then vertically or vise versa, with either of them inverted Additionaly, one may choose to fill the matrix in the snake-like manner adjacent strokes are anti-parallel. The rest of the controls of the dialog window deal with the matrix spacing left right top bottom page offsets in the viewport coordinates and relative inter-cell distances, vertical and horizontal Next to each of the vertical horizontal spacing spinboxes, a Pack checkbox is found Enabling it effectively sets the respective inter-cell distance to zero and alter axis tickmark settings such that only bottom left-most tickmarks are visible. If you don t want the regular layout this arrangement gives you, you can change it afterwards using the mouse select a graph and double click on the focus marker, see clicks and double clicks. Overlay graphs. You can overlay a graph on top of another one The main use of this feature is to plot several curves using different scales on the same apparently graph The main difficulty is to be sure you operate on the graph you want at all times you can hide one for a moment if this becomes too difficult. Using this entry, you can autoscale one graph or all graphs according to the specif ied sets only This is useful if you need either to have truly comparable graphs despite every one contains data of different ranges, or if you want to focus your attention on one set only while it is displayed with other data in a complex graph. Regions menu. This small popup only displays the current state type and whether it is active or not of the existing regions. You can define a new region or redefine an existing one , the allowed region types are. Inside polygon. Outside polygon. Left of line. Right of line. In horizontal range. In vertical range. Out of horizontal range. Out of vertical range. A region can be either linked to the current graph only or to all graphs. This kills a region. This popup reports you which sets or points are inside or outside of a region. You can link a set to a file or a pipe using this feature Once a link has been established, you can update it i e read data again by clicking on the update button. Currently, only simple XY sets can be used for hotlinks. Set locator f ixed point. After having selected this menu entry, you can select a point on a graph that will be used as the origin of the locator display just below the menu bar The fixed point is taken into account only when the display type of the locator is set to DX, DY. Clear locator fixed point. This entry is provided to remove a fixed point set before and use the default again point 0, 0.Locator props. The locator props popup allows you to customize the display of the locator, mainly its type and the format and precision of the display You can use all the formats that are allowed in the graphs scales. The preferences popup allows you to set miscellaneous properties of your Grace session, such as GUI behavior, cursor type, date reading hint and reference date used for calendar conversions. Data set operations. This popup gathers all operations that are related to the ordering of data points inside a set or between sets If you want to operate on the sets as a whole, you should use the set operations po pup from the Edit menu You can sort according to any coordinate X, Y, DX in ascending or descending order, reverse the order of the points, join several sets into one, split one set into several others of equal lengths, or drop a range of points from a set The set selector of the popup shows the number of points in each set in square brackets like this G0 S0 63 , the points are numbered from 0 to n-1.Transformations menu. The transformations sub-menu gives you access to all data-mining features of Grace. Evaluate expression. Using evaluate expression allows you to create a set by applying an explicit formula to another set, or to parts of another set if you use regions restrictions. All the classical mathematical functions are available cos, sin, but also lgamma, j1, erf As usual all trigonometric functions use radians by default but you can specify a unit if you prefer to say cos x rad or sin 3 y deg For the full list of available numerical functions and operators, see Operators and funct ions. In the formula, you can use X, Y, Y1 Y4 to denote any coordinate you like from the source set An implicit loop will be used around your formula so if you say. you will shift all points of your set 4966 5 units to the left. You can use more than one set in the same formula, like this. which means you use both X and Y from the source set but also the Y coordinate of set 2 Beware that the loop is a simple loop over the indices, all the sets you use in such an hybrid expression should therefore have the same number of points and point i of one set should really be related to point i of the other set If your sets do not follow these requirements, you should first homogenize them using interpolation. The histograms popup allows you to compute either standard or cumulative histograms from the Y coordinates of your data Optionally, the histograms can be normalized to 1 hence producing a PDF Probability Distribution Function. The bins can be either a linear mesh defined by its min, max, and len gth values, or a mesh formed by abscissas of another set in which case abscissas of the set must form a strictly monotonic array. Fourier transforms. This popup is devoted to direct and inverse Fourier transforms actually, what is computed is a power spectrum The default is to perform a direct transform on unfiltered data and to produce a set with the index as abscissa and magnitude as ordinate You can filter the input data window through triangular, Hanning, Welch, Hamming, Blackman and Parzen filters You can load magnitude, phase or coefficients and use either index, frequency or period as abscissas You can choose between direct and inverse Fourier transforms If you specify real input data, X is assumed to be equally spaced and ignored if you specify complex input data X is taken as the real part and Y as the imaginary part. If Grace was configured with the FFTW library see configuration , then the DFT and FFT buttons really perform the same transform so there is no speed-up in using FF T in this case If you want Grace can to use FFTW wisdom files, you should set several environment variables to name them. Running averages. The running average popup allows you to compute some values on a sliding window over your data You choose both the value you need average, median, minimum, maximum, standard deviation and the length of the window and perform the operation You can restrict the operation to the points belonging to or outside of a region. The differences popup is used to compute approximations of the first derivative of a function with finite differences The only choice apart from the source set of course is the type of differences to use forward, backward or centered. Seasonal differences. The seasonal differences popup is used to subtract data from a period to data of the preceding period namely y i - y i period Beware that the period is entered in terms of index in the set and not in terms of abscissa. The integration popup is used to compute the integral of a set and op tionally to load it The numerical value of the integral is shown in the text field after computation Selecting cumulative sum in the choice item will create and load a new set with the integral and compute the end value, selecting sum only will only compute the end value. This popup is used to interpolate a set on an array of alternative X coordinates This is mainly used before performing some complex operations between two sets with the evaluate expression popup. The sampling array can be either a linear mesh defined by its min, max, and length values, or a mesh formed by abscissas of another set. Several interpolation methods can be used linear, spline or Akima spline. Note that if the sampling mesh is not entirely within the source set X bounds, evaluation at the points beyond the bounds will be performed using interpolation parameters from the first or the last segment of the source set, which can be considered a primitive extrapolation This behaviour can be disabled by checking the St rict option on the popup. The abscissas of the set being interpolated must form a strictly monotonic array. The regression popup can be used to fit a set against polynomials or some specific functions y A x B, y A exp B x , y A B ln x and y 1 A Bx for which a simple transformation of input data can be used to apply linear regression formulas. You can load either the fitted values, the residuals or the function itself Choosing to load fitted values or residuals leads to a set of the same length and abscissas as the initial set Choosing to load the function is almost similar to load the fitted values except that you choose yourself the boundaries and the number of points This can be used for example to draw the curve outside of the data sample range or to produce an evenly spaced set from an irregular one. Non-linear fit. The non linear fit popup can be used for functions outside of the simple regression methods scope With this popup you provide the expression yourself using a0, a1 a9 to deno te the fit parameters as an example you can say y a0 cos a1 x a2 You specify a tolerance, starting values and optional bounds and run several steps before loading the results. The fit characteristics number of parameters, formula can be saved in a file and retrieved as needed using the file menu of the popup. In the Advanced tab, you can additionally apply a restriction to the set s to be fitted thus ignoring points not satisfying the criteria , use one of preset weighting schemes or define your own notice that dY in the preset 1 dY 2 one actually refers to the third column of the data set use the Custom function if this doesn t make sense for your data set , and choose whether to load the fitted values, the residuals or the function itself Choosing to load fitted values or residuals leads to a set of the same length and abscissas as the initial set Choosing to load the function is almost similar to load the fitted values except that you choose yourself the boundaries and the number of p oints This can be used for example to draw the curve outside of the data sample range or to produce an evenly spaced set from an irregular one. This popup can be used to compute autocorrelation of one set or cross correlation between two sets You only select the set or sets and specify the maximum lag A check box allows one to evaluate covariance instead of correlation The result is normalized so that abs C 0 1.Digital filter. You can use a set as a weight to filter another set Only the Y part and the length of the weighting set are important, the X part is ignored. Linear convolution. The convolution popup is used to convolve two sets You only select the sets and apply. Geometric transforms. You can rotate, scale or translate sets using the geometric transformations popup You specify the characteristics of each transform and the application order. Sample points. This popup provides two sampling methods The first one is to choose a starting point and a step, the second one is to select only th e points that satisfy a boolean expression you specify. This popup is devoted to reducing huge sets and then saving both computation time and disk space. The interpolation method can be applied only to ordered sets it is based on the assumption that if a real point and an interpolation based on neighboring points are closer than a specified threshold, then the point is redundant and can be eliminated. The geometric methods circle, ellipse, rectangle can be applied to any set, they test each point in turn and keep only those that are not in the neighborhood of previous points. Feature extraction. Given a set of curves in a graph, extract a feature from each curve and use the values of the feature to provide the Y values for a new curve. Import menu. Read new sets of data in a graph A graph selector is used to specify the graph where the data should go except when reading block data, which are copied to graphs later on. Reading as Single set means that if the source contains only one column of n umeric data, one set will be created using the indices from 1 to the total number of points as abscissas and read values as ordinates and that if the source contains more than one column of data, the first two numeric columns will be used Reading as NXY means that the first numeric column will provide the abscissas and all remaining columns will provide the ordinates of several sets Reading as Block data means all column will be read and stored and that another popup will allow to select the abscissas and ordinates at will It should be noted that block data are stored as long as you do not override them by a new read You can still retrieve data from a block long after having closed all popups, using the set selector. The set type can be one of the predefined set presentation types see sets. The data source can be selected as Disk or Pipe In the first case the text in the Selection field is considered to be a file name it can be automatically set by the file selector at the top of the pop up In the latter case the text is considered to be a command which is executed and should produce the data on its standard output On systems that allows is, the command can be a complete sequence of programs glued together with pipes. If the source contains date fields, they should be automatically detected Several formats are recognized see appendix dates in grace Calendar dates are converted to numerical dates upon reading. The Autoscale on read menu controls whether, upon reading in new sets, which axes of the graph should be autoscaled. This entry exists only if Grace has been compiled with support for the NetCDF data format see configuration. Export menu. Save data sets in a file A set selector is used to specify the set to be saved The format to use for saving data points can be specified the default value is 16 8g A warning is displayed if a file with the same name already exists. Plot appearance. The plot appearance popup let you set the time stamp properties and the background color of the page The color is used outside of graphs and also on graphs were no specific background color is set The time stamp is updated every time the project is modified. Graph appearance. The graph appearance popup can be displayed from both the plot menu and by double-clicking on a legend, title, or subtitle of a graph see Clicks and double clicks The graph selector at the top allows to choose the graph you want to operate on, it also allows certain common actions through its popup menu see graph selector Most of the actions can also be performed using the Edit menu available from the popup menubar The main tab includes the properties you will need more often title for example , and other tabs are used to fine tune some less frequently used options fonts, sizes, colors, placements. If you need special characters or special formatting in your title or subtitle, you can use Grace escape sequences the sequence will appear verbatim in the text field but will be rendered on the graph , see ty pesetting If you don t remember the mapping between alphabetic characters and the glyph you need in some specific fonts mainly symbol and zapfdingbats , you can invoke the font tool from the text field by hitting CTRL-e You can change fonts and select characters from there, they will be copied back in the text field when you press the Accept button Beware of the position of the cursor as you enter text or change font in the font tool, the character or command will be inserted at this position, not at the end of the string. You can save graph appearance parameters or retrieve settings previously saved via the File menu of this popup In the Save parameters dialog, you can choose to save settings either for the current graph only or for all graphs. Set appearance. The set appearance popup can be displayed from both the plot menu and by double-clicking anywhere in a graph see Clicks and double clicks The set selector at the top allows to choose the set you want to operate on, it also allows c ertain common actions through its popup menu see set selector The main tab gathers the properties you will need more often line and symbol properties or legend string for example , and other tabs are used to fine tune some less frequently used options drop lines, fill properties, annotated values and error bars properties for example. You should note that despite the legend string related to one set is entered in the set appearance popup, this is not sufficient to display it Displaying all legends is a graph level decision, so the toggle is in the main tab of the graph appearance popup. If you need special characters or special formatting in your legend, you can use Grace escape sequences the sequence will appear verbatim in the text field but will be rendered on the graph , see typesetting If you don t remember the mapping between alphabetic characters and the glyph you need in some specific fonts mainly symbol and zapfdingbats , you can invoke the font tool from the text field by hitti ng CTRL-e You can change fonts and select characters from there, they will be copied back in the text field when you press the Accept button Beware of the position of the cursor as you enter text or change font in the font tool, the character or command will be inserted at this position, not at the end of the string. Axis properties. The axis properties popup can be displayed from both the Plot menu and by double-clicking exactly on an axis see Clicks and double clicks The pulldown menu at the top allows to select the axis you want to operate on The Active toggle globally activates or deactivates the axis all GUI elements are insensitive for deactivated axes The start and stop fields depict the displayed range Three types of scales are available linear, logarithmic or reciprocal, and you can invert the axis which normally increases from left to right and from bottom to top The main tab includes the properties you will need more often axis label, tick spacing and format for example , and other tabs are used to fine tune some less frequently used options fonts, sizes, colors, placements, stagger, grid lines, special ticks. If you need special characters or special formatting in your label, you can use Grace escape sequences the sequence will appear verbatim in the text field but will be rendered on the graph , see typesetting If you don t remember the mapping between alphabetic characters and the glyph you need in some specific fonts mainly symbol and zapfdingbats , you can invoke the font tool from the text field by hitting CTRL-e You can change fonts and select characters from there, they will be copied back in the text field when you press the Accept button Beware of the position of the cursor as you enter text or change font in the font tool, the character or command will be inserted at this position, not at the end of the string. Most of the controls in the dialog should be self-explanatory One that is not and frequently missed is the Axis transform input field in th e Tick labels tab Entering there e g - t will make the tick labels show negates of the real coordinates their ticks are placed at You can use any expression understood by the interpreter see command interpreter. Once you have set the options as you want, you can apply them One useful feature is that you can set several axes at once with the bottom pulldown menu current axis, all axes current graph, current axis all graphs, all axes all graphs Beware that you always apply the properties of all tabs, not only the selected one. Show locator bar. This toggle item shows or hides the locator below the menu bar. Show status bar. For all devices, Grace uses Type1 fonts Both PFA ASCII and PFB binary formats can be used. Font configuration. The file responsible for the font configurations of Grace is fonts FontDataBase The first line contains a positive integer specifying the number of fonts declared in that file All remaining lines contain declarations of one font each, composed out of three fields. Fo nt name The name will appear in the font selector controls Also, backend devices that has built-in fonts, will be given the name as a font identifier. Font fall-back Grace will try to use this in case the real font is not found. Font filename The file with the font outline data. Here is the default FontDataBase file. Font data files. For text rastering, three types of files are used. - - files These contain the character outline descriptions The files are assumed to be in the fonts type1 directory these are the filenames specified in the FontDataBase configuration file. - files These contain high-precision font metric descriptions as well as some extra information, such as kerning and ligature information for a particular font It is assumed that the filename of a font metric file has same basename as the respective font outline file, but with the extension the metric files are expected to be found in the fonts type1 directory, too. - files These contain encoding arrays in a special but simple form They are only needed if someone wants to load a special encoding to re-encode a font Their place is fonts enc. Custom fonts. It is possible to use custom fonts with Grace One mostly needs to use extra fonts for the purpose of localization For many European languages, the standard fonts supplied with Grace should contain all the characters needed, but encoding may have to be adjusted This is done by putting a file with proper encoding scheme into the fonts enc directory Grace comes with a few encoding files in the directory more can be easily found on the Internet If the file doesn t exist, the IsoLatin1 encoding will be used Notice that for fonts having an encoding scheme in themselves such as the Symbol font, and many nationalized fonts the default encoding is ignored. If you do need to use extra fonts, you should modify the FontDataBase file accordingly, obeying its format However, if you are going to exchange Grace proje ct files with other people who do not have the extra fonts configured, an important thing is to define reasonable fall-back font names. For example, let us assume I use Hebrew fonts, and the configuration file has lines like these My colleague, who lives in Russia, uses Cyrillic fonts with Grace configured like this The font mapping information Font name - Font fall-back is stored in the Grace project files Provided that all the localized fonts have English characters in the lower part of the ASCII table unmodified, I can send my friend files with no Hebrew characters, of course and be sure they render correctly on his computer. Thus, with properly configured national fonts, you can make localized annotations for plots intended for internal use of your institution, while being able to exchange files with colleagues from abroad People who ever tried to do this with MS Office applications should appreciate the flexibility. Using pipes. Using gracenp library. The gracenp library is a set of co mpiled functions that allows you to launch and drive a Grace subprocess from your C or Fortran application Functions are provided to start the subprocess, to send it commands or data, to stop it or detach from it. gracenp library F77 functions. There is no Fortran equivalent for the GracePrintf function, you should format all the data and commands yourself before sending them with GraceCommandF. The Grace subprocess listens for the commands you send and interprets them as if they were given in a batch file You can send any command you like redraw, autoscale If you want to send data, you should include them in a command like g0 s0 point 3 5, 4 2.Apart from the fact it monitors the data sent via an anonymous pipe, the Grace subprocess is a normal process You can interact with it through the GUI Note that no error can be sent back to the parent process If your application send erroneous commands, an error popup will be displayed by the subprocess. If you exit the subprocess while the parent p rocess is still using it, the broken pipe will be detected An error code will be returned to every further call to the library but you can still start a new process if you want to manage this situation. Here is an example use of the library, you will find this program in the distribution. To compile this program, type If Grace wasn t properly installed, you may need to instruct the compiler about include and library paths explicitly, e g. When the FFTW capabilities are compiled in, Grace looks at two environment variables to decide what to do with the FFTW wisdom capabilities First, a quick summary of what this is The FFTW package is capable of adaptively determining the most efficient factorization of a set to give the fastest computation It can store these factorizations as wisdom , so that if a transform of a given size is to be repeated, it is does not have to re-adapt The good news is that this seems to work very well The bad news is that, the first time a transform of a given size i s computed, if it is not a sub-multiple of one already known, it takes a LONG time seconds to minutes. The first environment variable is GRACEFFTWWISDOMFILE If this is set to the name of a file which can be read and written e g then Grace will automatically create this file if needed and maintain it If the file is read-only, it will be read, but not updated with new wisdom If the symbol GRACEFFTWWISDOMFILE either doesn t exist, or evaluates to an empty string, Grace will drop the use of wisdom, and will use the fftw estimator FFTWESTIMATE flag sent to the planner to guess a good factorization, instead of adaptively determining it. The second variable is GRACEFFTWRAMWISDOM If this variable is defined to be non-zero, and GRACEFFTWWISDOMFILE variable is not defined or is an empty string , Grace will use wisdom internally, but maintain no persistent cache of it This will result in very slow execution times the first time a transform is executed after Grace is started, but very fast repeats I am not sure why anyone would want to use wisdom without writing it to disk, but if you do, you can use this flag to enable it. Grace can access external functions present in either system or third-party shared libraries or modules specially compiled for use with Grace. Function types. One must make sure, however, that the external function is of one of supported by Grace types. Grace types for external functions. The return values of functions are assumed to be of the double type. Note, that there is no difference from the point of view of function prototype between parameters and variables the difference is in the way Grace treats them - an attempt to use a vector expression as a parameter argument will result in a parse error. Let us consider few examples. Caution the examples provided below paths and compiler flags are valid for Linux ELF with gcc On other operating systems, you may need to refer to compiler linker manuals or ask a guru. Suppose I want to use function pow x, y from the Un x math library libm Of course, you can use the operator defined in the Grace language, but here, for the sake of example, we want to access the function directly. The command to make it accessible by Grace is USE pow TYPE fofdd FROM. Try to plot y pow x,2 and y x 2 graphs using, for example, create new - Formula from any set selector and compare. Now, let us try to write a function ourselves We will define function myfunction which simply returns its second argument multiplied by integer parameter transferred as the first argument. In a text editor, type in the following C code and save it as myfunc c. OK, now compile it. You may strip it to save some disk space. That s all Ready to make it visible to Grace as myf - we are too lazy to type the very long string myfunction many times. USE myfunction TYPE fofnd FROM ALIAS myf. A more serious example There is a special third-party library available on your system which includes a very important for you yet very difficult-to-program from the scratch function that you want to use with Grace But, the function prototype is NOT one of any predefined types The solution is to write a simple function wrapper Here is how. Suppose, the name of the library is speciallib and the function you are interested in is called specialfunc and according to the library manual, should be accessed as void specialfunc double input, double output, int parameter The wrapper would look like this. Note that I added - lblas assuming that the speciallib library uses some functions from the BLAS Generally, you have to add all libraries which your module depends on and all libraries those librar ies rely upon etc , as if you wanted to compile a plain executable. Fine, make Grace aware of the new function. USE mywrapper TYPE fofnd FROM ALIAS specialfunc. so we can use it with its original name. An example of using Fortran modules. Here we will try to achieve the same functionality as in Example 2, but with the help of F77.As opposite to C, there is no way to call such a function from Grace directly - the problem is that in Fortran all arguments to a function or subroutine are passed by reference So, we need a wrapper. Note that most of f77 compilers by default add underscore to the function names and convert all names to the lower case, hence I refer to the Fortran function MYFUNC from my C wrapper as myfunc but in your case it can be different. Let us compile the whole stuff. And finally, inform Grace about this new function. USE myfuncwrapper TYPE fofnd FROM ALIAS myfunc. Operating system issues. In general the method outlined in the examples above can be used on OS 2, too However you h ave to create a DLL Dynamic Link Library which is a bit more tricky on OS 2 than on most Un x systems Since Grace was ported by using EMX we also use it to create the examples however other development environments should work as well ensure to use the System calling convention We refer to Example 2 only Example 1 might demonstrate that DLLs can have their entry points i e exported functions callable via ordinals only, so you might not know how to access a specific function without some research First compile the source from Example 2 to. gcc - Zomf - Zmt - c myfunc c - o. Then you need to create a linker definition file which contains some basic info about the DLL and declares the exported functions. don t forget about the 8 characters limit on the DLL name Finally link the DLL. gcc - o - Zdll - Zno-rte - Zmt - Zomf. check out the EMX documentation about the compiler linker flags used here To use this new library function within Grace you may either put the DLL in the LIBPATH and use the short form. USE myfunction TYPE fofnd FROM myfunc ALIAS myf. or put it in an arbitrary path which you need to specify explicitly then. USE myfunction TYPE fofnd FROM ALIAS myf. as for most system-APIs you may use the Un x-like forward slashs within the path. Grace permits quite complex typesetting on a per string basis Any string displayed titles, legends, tick marks may contain special control codes to display subscripts, change fonts within the string etc. using string s initial font and e prints as epsilon from the Symbol font. NOTE Characters from the upper half of the char table can be entered directly from the keyboard, using appropriate xmodmap 1 settings, or with the help of the font tool Window Font tool. Grace can output plots using several device backends The list of available devices can be seen among other stuff by specifying the - version command line switch. X11, PostScript and EPS are full-featured devices. Raster drivers PNM JPEG PNG. only even-odd fill rule is supported. patterned lines are not implemented. bitmapped text strings are not transparent. some of patterned fills not implemented. bitmapped text strings not implemented. bitmapped text strings n ot implemented. Some of the output devices accept several configuration options You can set the options by passing a respective string to the interpreter using the DEVICE devname OP options command see Device parameters A few options can be passed in one command, separated by commas. PNG driver options. We use two calendars in Grace the one that was established in 532 by Denys and lasted until 1582, and the one that was created by Luigi Lilio Alyosius Lilius and Christoph Klau Christophorus Clavius for pope Gregorius XIII Both use the same months they were introduced under emperor Augustus, a few years after Julian calendar introduction, both Julius and Augustus were honored by a month being named after each one. The leap years occurred regularly in Denys s calendar once every four years, there is no year 0 in this calendar the leap year -1 was just before year 1 This calendar was not compliant with earth motion and the dates were slowly shifting with regard to astronomical events. This was corrected in 1582 by introducing Gregorian calendar First a ten days shift was introduced to reset correct dates Thursday October the 4th was followed by Friday October the 15th The rules for leap years were also changed three leap years are removed every four centuries These years are those that are multiple of 100 but not multiple of 400 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not leap years, but 1600 and 2000 were will be leap years. We still use Gregorian calendar today, but we now have several time scales for increased accuracy The International Atomic Time TAI is a linear scale the best scale to use for scientific reference The Coordinated Universal Time UTC, often confused with Greenwich Mean Time is a legal time that is almost synchronized with earth motion However, since the earth is slightly slowing down, leap seconds are introduced from time to time in UTC about one second every 18 months UTC is not a continuous scale When a leap second is introduced by International Earth Rotation Servic e, this is published in advance and the legal time sequence is as follows 23 59 59 followed one second later by 23 59 60 followed one second later by 00 00 00 At the time of this writing 1999-01-05 the difference between TAI and UTC was 32 seconds, and the last leap second was introduced in 1998-12-31.These calendars allow to represent any date from the mist of the past to the fog of the future, but they are not convenient for computation Another time scale is possible counting only the days from a reference Such a time scale was introduced by Joseph-Juste Scaliger Josephus Justus Scaliger in 1583 He decided to use -4713-01-01T12 00 00 as a reference date because it was at the same time a Monday, first of January of a leap year, there was an exact number of 19 years Meton cycle between this date and year 1 for Easter computation , and it was at the beginning of a 15 years Roman indiction cycle The day number counted from this reference is traditionally called Julian day but it has real ly nothing to do with the Julian calendar. Grace stores dates internally as reals numbers counted from a reference date The default reference date is the one chosen by Scaliger, it is a classical reference for astronomical events It can modified for a single session using the Edit - Preferences popup of the GUI If you often work with a specific reference date you can set it for every sessions with a REFERENCE DATE command in your configuration file see Default template. The following date formats are supported hour, minutes and seconds are always optional. iso8601 1999-12-31T23 59 59 999.european 31 12 1999 23 59 59 999 or 31 12 99 23 59 59 999.us 12 31 1999 23 59 59 999 or 12 31 99 23 59 59 999.Julian 123456 789.One should be aware that Grace does not allow to put a space in one data column as spaces are used to separate fields You should always use another separator - or better T between date and time in data files The GUI, the batch language and the command line flags do not have this l imitation, you can use spaces there without any problem The T separator comes from the ISO8601 standard Grace support its use also in european and us formats. You can also provide a hint about the format ISO8601 , european , us using the - datehint command line flag or the ref name Edit - Preferences id preferences popup of the GUI The formats are tried in the following order first the hint given by the user, then iso, european and us there is no ambiguity between calendar formats and numerical formats and therefore no order is specified for them The separators between various fields can be any characters in the set - T one or more spaces act as one separator, other characters can not be repeated, the T separator is allowed only between date and time, mainly for iso8601 , so the string 1999-12 31 23 59 is allowed but not recommended The - character is used both as a separator it is traditionally used in iso8601 format and as the unary minus for dates in the far past or for numerical dates By default years are left untouched, so 99 is a date far away in the past This behavior can be changed with the Edit - preferences popup, or with the DATE WRAP on and DATE WRAP YEAR year commands Suppose for example that the wrap year is chosen as 1950, if the year is between 0 and 99 and is written with two or less digits, it is mapped to the present era as follows. range 00 49 is mapped to 2000 2049.range 50 99 is mapped to 1950 1999.with a wrap year set to 1970, the mapping would have been. range 00 69 is mapped to 2000 2069.range 70 99 is mapped to 1970 1999.this is reasonably Y2K compliant and is consistent with current use Specifying year 1 is still possible using more than two digits as follows 0001-03-04 is unambiguously March the 4th, year 1 The inverse transform is applied for dates written by Grace, for example as tick labels Using two digits only for years is not recommended, we introduce a wrap year 100 bug here so this feature should be removed at some point in the f uture. The date scanner can be used either for Denys s and Gregorian calendars Inexistent dates are detected, they include year 0, dates between 1582-10-05 and 1582-10-14, February 29th of non leap years, months below 1 or above 12 the scanner does not take into account leap seconds you can think it works only in International Atomic Time TAI and not in Coordinated Unified Time UTC If you find yourself in a situation were you need UTC, a very precise scale, and should take into account leap seconds you should convert your data yourself for example using International Atomic Time But if you bother with that you probably already know what to do. This is a very brief guide describing problems and workarounds for reading in project files saved with Xmgr You should read the docs or just play with Grace to test new features and controls. Grace must be explicitly told the version number of the software used to create a file You can manually put version VERSIONID string at the beginning of the fi le The VERSIONID is built as MAJORREV 10000 MINORREV 100 PATCHLEVEL so 40101 corresponds to xmgr-4 1 1 Projects saved with Xmgr-4 1 2 do NOT need the above, since they already have the version string in them If you have no idea what version of Xmgr your file was created with, try some In most cases, 40102 would do the trick. The above relates to the ASCII projects only The old binary projects saved with xmgr-4 0 are not automatically converted anymore An input filter must be defined to make the conversion work on-the-fly Add the following line to or the system-wide GRACEHOME gracerc resource file DEFINE IFILTER grconvert s - MAGIC 00000031 See docs for more info on the I O filters. Documentation on the script language is severely lacking still. Grace is WYSIWYG Xmgr was not Many changes required to achieve the WYSIWYG ness led to the situation when graphs with objects carefully aligned under Xmgr may not look so under Grace Grace tries its best to compensate for the differences, but somet imes you may have to adjust such graphs manually. A lot of symbol types all except real symbols are removed Location types can be replaced with much higher comfort by A nnotating values Impulse , Histogram and Stair steps effects can be achieved using the connecting line parameters Type, Drop lines Dot symbol is removed as well use the filled circle symbol of the zero size with no outline to get the same effect. Default page layout switched from free allowing to resize canvas with mouse to fixed For the old behavior, put PAGE LAYOUT FREE in the Grace resource file or use the - free command line switch The use of the free page layout is in general deprecated, though. System shell variables GR renamed to GRACE. Smith plots don t work now They ll be put back soon.